/* === Reset & Base === */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

:root {
  --blue:   #2563eb;
  --blue-l: #3b82f6;
  --purple: #7c3aed;
  --navy:   #2d3a5e;
  --teal:   #5bbfba;
  --dark:   #0f172a;
  --mid:    #1e293b;
  --slate:  #334155;
  --muted:  #64748b;
  --border: #e2e8f0;
  --bg:     #f4f6f9;
  --white:  #ffffff;
  --radius: 12px;
  --shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(15,23,42,.07);
}

html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }

body {
  font-family: 'Inter', 'Noto Sans KR', sans-serif;
  color: var(--dark);
  background: var(--white);
  line-height: 1.7;
  font-size: 15px;
}

a { color: var(--blue); text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline; }

ul { list-style: none; }

.container {
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 24px;
}

/* === Navbar === */
.navbar {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 100;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.92);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.nav-inner {
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 24px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  height: 72px;
  gap: 32px;
}

.nav-logo {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.nav-logo:hover { text-decoration: none; }

.nav-logo-img {
  height: 70px;
  width: auto;
  display: block;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.nav-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 28px;
  margin-left: auto;
}

.nav-links a {
  font-size: .88rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--slate);
  transition: color .2s;
}
.nav-links a:hover { color: var(--blue); text-decoration: none; }

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  background: none;
  border: none;
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  cursor: pointer;
  color: var(--slate);
  margin-left: auto;
}

.nav-mobile {
  display: none;
  flex-direction: column;
  padding: 12px 24px 16px;
  gap: 4px;
  background: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.nav-mobile.open { display: flex; }
.nav-mobile a {
  padding: 8px 0;
  font-size: .9rem;
  color: var(--slate);
  font-weight: 500;
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .nav-links { display: none; }
  .nav-toggle { display: block; }
  .hero-visual { display: none; }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .hero-logo { width: 260px; }
  .hero-logo-wrap { padding: 16px 22px; }
  .hero-img-bg { display: none; }
}

/* === Buttons === */
.btn-primary {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 12px 28px;
  background: var(--blue);
  color: var(--white);
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: .92rem;
  transition: background .2s, transform .15s;
}
.btn-primary:hover { background: #1d4ed8; text-decoration: none; transform: translateY(-1px); }

.btn-outline {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 12px 28px;
  border: 2px solid var(--blue);
  color: var(--blue);
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: .92rem;
  transition: background .2s, color .2s, transform .15s;
}
.btn-outline:hover { background: var(--blue); color: var(--white); text-decoration: none; transform: translateY(-1px); }

/* === Hero === */
.hero {
  min-height: 92vh;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--dark) 0%, #1e1b4b 60%, #0f172a 100%);
  color: var(--white);
  overflow: hidden;
  position: relative;
}

.hero::before {
  content: '';
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: radial-gradient(ellipse at 30% 50%, rgba(59,130,246,.12) 0%, transparent 55%);
  z-index: 0;
}

.hero-content {
  flex: 1;
  max-width: 1100px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 80px 24px;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
  max-width: 600px;
  margin-left: max(24px, calc((100vw - 1100px)/2));
}

.hero-dept {
  font-size: .82rem;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #93c5fd;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.hero-title {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 5vw, 3.4rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff 40%, #93c5fd 100%);
  -webkit-background-clip: text;
  -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
  background-clip: text;
}

.hero-sub {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: #cbd5e1;
  max-width: 520px;
  margin-bottom: 36px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.hero-actions { display: flex; gap: 14px; flex-wrap: wrap; }

.hero-visual {
  position: absolute;
  right: 5%;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  pointer-events: none;
  z-index: 2;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 24px;
}

/* COBL logo card */
.hero-logo-wrap {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.93);
  border-radius: 18px;
  padding: 22px 32px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 40px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35);
  backdrop-filter: blur(4px);
}

.hero-logo {
  display: block;
  width: 380px;
  max-width: 38vw;
  height: auto;
}

/* microscopy image below logo */
.hero-img-bg {
  display: block;
  height: 26vh;
  width: auto;
  max-width: 38vw;
  object-fit: contain;
  border-radius: 12px;
  filter: blur(1.5px) brightness(0.75);
  opacity: 0.6;
  -webkit-mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent 0%, black 22%, black 100%);
  mask-image: linear-gradient(to right, transparent 0%, black 22%, black 100%);
}

.dna-svg {
  width: 160px;
  height: 320px;
  animation: floatDna 6s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes floatDna {
  0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); }
  50%       { transform: translateY(-18px); }
}

/* === News Bar === */
.news-bar {
  background: var(--blue);
  color: var(--white);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  height: 42px;
  overflow: hidden;
  gap: 0;
}

.news-label {
  background: #1d4ed8;
  padding: 0 20px;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  font-size: .75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  white-space: nowrap;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.ticker-wrap {
  flex: 1;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  height: 100%;
}

.ticker {
  display: inline-flex;
  white-space: nowrap;
  animation: ticker 28s linear infinite;
  font-size: .83rem;
  gap: 0;
}

.ticker span { padding-right: 60px; }
.ticker em { font-style: italic; }

@keyframes ticker {
  0%   { transform: translateX(0); }
  100% { transform: translateX(-50%); }
}

/* === Sections === */
.section { padding: 90px 0; }
.section-alt { background: var(--bg); }

.section-header {
  text-align: center;
  margin-bottom: 56px;
}

.section-tag {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: .75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--blue);
  background: #eff6ff;
  padding: 4px 14px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.section-header h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2.2rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--dark);
}

/* === About === */
.about-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 60px;
  align-items: start;
}

.about-text p {
  color: var(--slate);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}
.about-text strong { color: var(--dark); }

.stats-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 16px;
}

.stat-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 28px 20px;
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transition: transform .2s, box-shadow .2s;
}
.stat-card:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(15,23,42,.12); }

.stat-num {
  display: block;
  font-size: 2.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--blue);
  line-height: 1;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.stat-label {
  font-size: .8rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 500;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .about-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 36px; }
}

/* === Research === */
.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
}

.research-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 32px 28px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transition: transform .2s, box-shadow .2s;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--blue);
}
.research-card:hover { transform: translateY(-5px); box-shadow: 0 12px 36px rgba(15,23,42,.13); }

.research-icon {
  font-size: 2rem;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.research-card h3 {
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  color: var(--dark);
}

.research-card p {
  font-size: .88rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.research-card ul {
  list-style: disc;
  padding-left: 18px;
}
.research-card ul li {
  font-size: .82rem;
  color: var(--slate);
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}

/* === Members === */
.member-group { margin-bottom: 52px; }
.member-group:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }

.member-group-title {
  font-size: 1rem;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.pi-card {
  display: flex;
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 32px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  max-width: 640px;
}

.pi-avatar {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--blue), var(--purple));
  color: var(--white);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.pi-info h3 {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--dark);
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.pi-title {
  font-size: .88rem;
  color: var(--blue);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.pi-info p {
  font-size: .85rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.pi-links {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  margin-top: 12px;
}
.pi-links a {
  font-size: .8rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--blue);
  background: #eff6ff;
  padding: 3px 10px;
  border-radius: 6px;
}
.pi-links a:hover { background: var(--blue); color: var(--white); text-decoration: none; }

/* === PI Card Full (Members page) === */
.pi-card-full {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  overflow: hidden;
}

.pi-card-top {
  display: flex;
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 32px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.pi-avatar-lg {
  width: 88px;
  height: 88px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--blue), var(--purple));
  color: var(--white);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.pi-basic h3 {
  font-size: 1.6rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--dark);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.pi-basic .pi-title {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--navy);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.pi-email {
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.pi-email:hover { color: var(--blue); }

.pi-photo {
  width: 180px;
  height: 220px;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center top;
  border-radius: 8px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

.pi-details {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.pi-section {
  padding: 28px 32px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.pi-section:last-child { border-bottom: none; }

.pi-section-title {
  font-size: .88rem;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

.pi-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 14px;
}
.pi-list li {
  display: flex;
  gap: 14px;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--slate);
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.pi-list li strong { color: var(--dark); }
.pi-list li em { color: var(--muted); font-style: italic; font-size: 1rem; }

.pi-period {
  font-size: .95rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--blue);
  white-space: nowrap;
  padding-top: 2px;
  min-width: 88px;
}

.pi-awards {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 10px;
}
.pi-awards li {
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: baseline;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  color: var(--slate);
}
.pi-year {
  font-size: .95rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--blue);
  white-space: nowrap;
  min-width: 60px;
}

/* People page — PI card */
.pi-people-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
}
.pi-people-top {
  display: flex;
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  padding: 32px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.pi-photo-people {
  width: 210px;
  height: 260px;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center top;
  border-radius: 8px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Collapsible CV */
.pi-cv-details {
  border-top: none;
}
.pi-cv-details[open] .pi-cv-arrow { display: inline-block; transform: rotate(180deg); }
.pi-cv-summary {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 14px 32px;
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--blue);
  cursor: pointer;
  user-select: none;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.pi-cv-summary::-webkit-details-marker { display: none; }
.pi-cv-summary:hover { background: var(--bg); }
.pi-cv-arrow {
  font-size: .7rem;
  transition: transform .2s ease;
  display: inline-block;
}
.pi-cv-content {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.pi-cv-content .pi-section {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.pi-cv-content .pi-section:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .pi-people-top { flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; }
  .pi-photo-people { width: 247px; height: 306px; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .pi-card-top { flex-direction: column; align-items: center; text-align: center; }
  .pi-photo { width: 140px; height: 170px; }
}

.members-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(180px, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
}

.member-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 24px 20px;
  text-align: center;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  transition: transform .2s;
}
.member-card:hover { transform: translateY(-3px); }

.member-avatar {
  width: 56px;
  height: 56px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #dbeafe, #e0e7ff);
  color: var(--blue);
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: .85rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin: 0 auto 12px;
}

.member-photo {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  object-fit: cover;
  object-position: center top;
  margin: 0 auto 12px;
  display: block;
}

/* Graduate Students — enlarged cards with original (uncropped) photo */
.members-grid-lg {
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(270px, 1fr));
  gap: 27px;
}
.member-card-lg {
  padding: 36px 30px;
}
.member-photo-original {
  width: auto;
  height: auto;
  max-width: 180px;
  max-height: 225px;
  border-radius: 0;
  object-fit: contain;
  margin: 0 auto 18px;
}
.member-card.member-card-lg h4 {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}
.member-card.member-card-lg p {
  font-size: 1rem;
  margin-bottom: 3px;
}
.member-card-lg .member-topic {
  font-size: 1rem !important;
  margin-top: 12px;
}

.member-card h4 {
  font-size: .92rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--dark);
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.member-card p {
  font-size: .8rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 2px;
}
.member-topic {
  font-size: .78rem !important;
  color: var(--blue) !important;
  font-weight: 500;
}

/* === Publications === */
.pub-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  overflow: hidden;
  background: var(--white);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.pub-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  transition: background .15s;
}
.pub-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.pub-item:hover { background: #f8fafc; }

.pub-fig {
  width: 200px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  object-fit: contain;
  padding: 16px;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--border);
  align-self: center;
}

.pub-year {
  width: 72px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: .8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--blue);
  background: #eff6ff;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 20px 0;
}

.pub-num {
  width: 52px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--blue);
  background: #eff6ff;
  border-right: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding: 20px 0;
}

.pub-content {
  padding: 24px 28px;
  flex: 1;
}

.pub-title {
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--dark);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

.pub-title a {
  color: var(--dark);
  text-decoration: none;
  transition: color .15s;
}
.pub-title a:hover {
  color: var(--blue);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.pub-authors {
  font-size: .92rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.pub-journal {
  font-size: .92rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.pub-tags {
  display: flex;
  gap: 8px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
}

.tag {
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  background: #f1f5f9;
  color: var(--slate);
  padding: 2px 8px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.pub-link {
  font-size: .75rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--blue);
  background: #eff6ff;
  padding: 2px 9px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}
.pub-link:hover { background: var(--blue); color: var(--white); text-decoration: none; }

.pub-more {
  text-align: center;
  margin-top: 36px;
}

/* === Contact === */
.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 52px;
}
.contact-details-below {
  margin-top: 40px;
  padding-top: 36px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 28px;
}
.contact-row {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 20px;
}

.contact-info h3 {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--dark);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.contact-info > p {
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 20px;
  font-size: .9rem;
}

.hiring-list {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.hiring-list li {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  padding: 12px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  font-size: .88rem;
}
.hiring-list li:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.hiring-list strong { color: var(--dark); }
.hiring-list span {
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: var(--blue);
  background: #eff6ff;
  padding: 2px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.contact-info > p:last-child { font-size: .85rem; color: var(--muted); }

.contact-details {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 24px;
}

.contact-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 16px;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.contact-icon {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  margin-top: 2px;
  color: var(--teal);
  display: inline-flex;
}
.contact-icon svg {
  display: block;
}

.contact-item strong {
  display: block;
  font-size: .85rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--dark);
  margin-bottom: 4px;
}
.contact-item p {
  font-size: .85rem;
  color: var(--muted);
  line-height: 1.6;
}
.contact-item a { color: var(--blue); }
.contact-location-inner {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  flex: 1;
}
.contact-location-inner > div:first-child {
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.map-embed {
  flex: 1;
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  min-width: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .contact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* === Nav Active === */
.nav-links .nav-active {
  color: var(--blue) !important;
  font-weight: 600;
}

/* === Page Header (sub-pages) === */
.page-header {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--dark) 0%, #1e1b4b 100%);
  padding: 56px 0 48px;
  color: var(--white);
}
.page-header .section-tag { background: rgba(255,255,255,.12); color: #93c5fd; }
.page-header h1 {
  font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 4vw, 2.6rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-top: 10px;
  color: var(--white);
}
.page-header-sub {
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-size: 2.46rem;
  color: #e2e8f0;
  align-self: flex-end;
  font-family: 'Noto Sans KR', sans-serif;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.about-header-text {
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: flex-start;
}

.about-intro-top {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 320px;
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: center;
  margin-bottom: 48px;
}
.about-intro-quote {
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #fff;
  line-height: 1.55;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--teal);
  padding-left: 24px;
}
.about-video {
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: 8px;
  display: block;
}
.about-intro-body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 48px;
  border-top: 1px solid #2e2e2e;
  padding-top: 36px;
}
.about-intro-en p {
  font-size: .92rem;
  color: #cbd5e1;
  line-height: 1.85;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.about-intro-ko p {
  font-size: .92rem;
  color: #94a3b8;
  line-height: 1.85;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .about-intro-top { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .about-intro-body { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 24px; }
}

.pub-footnote {
  margin-top: 10px;
  font-size: 0.86rem;
  color: #94a3b8;
}
.about-header {
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(10,18,40,0.72) 0%, rgba(30,27,75,0.65) 100%),
    url('../assets/img/adj_2_crop.jpg') center / cover no-repeat;
  padding: 56px 0 48px;
}

/* === Vision (About) === */
.vision-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 28px;
}
.vision-card {
  background: #161616;
  border: 1px solid #252525;
  border-top: 3px solid var(--teal);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 36px 32px 32px;
  box-shadow: 0 4px 24px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
  text-align: left;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform .2s, box-shadow .2s;
}
.vision-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 36px rgba(0,0,0,.45);
}
.vision-num {
  position: absolute;
  top: 16px;
  right: 20px;
  font-size: 5rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: rgba(91,191,186,.07);
  line-height: 1;
  user-select: none;
}
.vision-label {
  font-size: .7rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--teal);
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.vision-card h3 {
  font-size: .95rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: #e2e8f0;
  line-height: 1.75;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}
.vision-ko {
  margin-top: 18px !important;
  padding-top: 18px;
  border-top: 1px solid #2a2a2a;
  font-size: .85rem !important;
  color: #64748b !important;
  line-height: 1.75;
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .vision-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* === Funding (About) === */
.funding-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px; }
.funding-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 20px 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.funding-agency {
  min-width: 60px;
  font-size: .75rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--blue);
  background: #eff6ff;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: 6px;
  text-align: center;
  align-self: center;
}
.funding-info strong { font-size: .92rem; color: var(--dark); display: block; margin-bottom: 4px; }
.funding-info p { font-size: .83rem; color: var(--muted); }

/* === Projects (Research) === */
.project-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 16px; }
.project-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 20px;
  align-items: flex-start;
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.project-status {
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  padding: 4px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  white-space: nowrap;
  align-self: flex-start;
  margin-top: 2px;
}
.project-status.ongoing { background: #dcfce7; color: #166534; }
.project-status.completed { background: #f1f5f9; color: var(--muted); }
.project-info h3 { font-size: .95rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--dark); margin-bottom: 6px; }
.project-info p { font-size: .86rem; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: 8px; }
.project-period { font-size: .78rem; color: var(--blue); font-weight: 500; }

/* === Alumni (Members) === */
.alumni-list { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 0; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: var(--radius); overflow: hidden; }
.alumni-item {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  padding: 14px 20px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  font-size: .88rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.alumni-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }
.alumni-item strong { color: var(--dark); }
.alumni-item span { font-size: .82rem; color: var(--muted); }

/* === Pub Year Groups (Publications) === */
.pub-year-group { margin-bottom: 40px; }
.pub-year-title {
  font-size: .75rem;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  padding-bottom: 8px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

/* === Apply Grid (Contact) === */
.apply-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr));
  gap: 24px;
}
.apply-card {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 28px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  border-top: 3px solid var(--blue);
}
.apply-card h3 { font-size: .95rem; font-weight: 600; color: var(--dark); margin-bottom: 10px; }
.apply-card p { font-size: .86rem; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.65; margin-bottom: 14px; }
.apply-card ul { list-style: disc; padding-left: 18px; }
.apply-card ul li { font-size: .82rem; color: var(--slate); margin-bottom: 5px; }
.apply-card ul li em { color: var(--dark); font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; }


/* ============================================
   HOME PAGE — Voeltz-inspired redesign
   ============================================ */

/* --- Hero --- */
.home-hero {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 68vh;
  min-height: 400px;
  overflow: hidden;
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  background: url('../assets/img/cover_can.jpg') center / cover no-repeat;
}

.home-hero-overlay {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background: linear-gradient(
    to top,
    rgba(10, 18, 40, 0.82) 0%,
    rgba(10, 18, 40, 0.45) 50%,
    rgba(10, 18, 40, 0.15) 100%
  );
}

.home-hero-text {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  padding: 0 max(32px, calc((100vw - 1100px)/2)) 52px;
  color: var(--white);
}

.home-hero-dept {
  font-size: .8rem;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.72);
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.home-hero-title {
  font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.5vw, 3.2rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  color: var(--white);
}

/* --- Quick Nav --- */
.quicknav {
  background: var(--navy);
}

.quicknav .container {
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.quicknav-grid {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
}

.qn-card {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
  padding: 20px 40px;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.78);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-size: .82rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  border-right: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12);
  transition: background .18s, color .18s;
}
.qn-card:first-child { border-left: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12); }
.qn-card:hover {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.1);
  color: var(--white);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.qn-icon {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  line-height: 1;
}

/* --- About strip --- */
.home-about {
  padding: 80px 0;
  background: var(--white);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.home-about-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 476px 1fr;
  gap: 64px;
  align-items: center;
}

.home-about-logo img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  display: block;
}

.home-about-text h2 {
  font-size: 1.8rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.home-about-text p {
  font-size: .95rem;
  color: var(--slate);
  line-height: 1.75;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.btn-outline-dark {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-top: 8px;
  padding: 10px 26px;
  border: 2px solid var(--navy);
  color: var(--navy);
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-size: .88rem;
  transition: background .2s, color .2s;
}
.btn-outline-dark:hover {
  background: var(--navy);
  color: var(--white);
  text-decoration: none;
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
  .home-about-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 32px;
  }
  .home-about-logo img { max-width: 300px; margin: 0 auto; }
}

/* --- News --- */
.home-news {
  padding: 72px 0 80px;
  background: var(--bg);
}

.home-news-title {
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--navy);
  margin-bottom: 32px;
  padding-bottom: 14px;
  border-bottom: 2px solid var(--navy);
  display: inline-block;
}

.news-list {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0;
}

.news-item {
  display: flex;
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding: 20px 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  font-size: .92rem;
}
.news-item:last-child { border-bottom: none; }

.news-date {
  font-size: .78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--teal);
  white-space: nowrap;
  min-width: 64px;
  padding-top: 2px;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
}

.news-body {
  color: var(--slate);
  line-height: 1.65;
}
.news-body strong { color: var(--dark); }
.news-body a { color: var(--navy); font-weight: 500; }
.news-body em { color: var(--muted); }

@media (max-width: 600px) {
  .quicknav-grid { flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .qn-card { padding: 16px 24px; flex: 1 1 33%; border: none; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.12); }
  .news-item { flex-direction: column; gap: 6px; }
}

/* === Research Topic Nav Cards === */
.research-topics-nav {
  background: var(--dark);
  padding: 36px 0;
}
.research-topic-cards {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 20px;
}
.research-topic-card {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-start;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 20px;
  padding: 40px 36px;
  min-height: 230px;
  border: 1px solid #2e2e4e;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--teal);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  text-decoration: none;
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform .2s;
}
.rtc-bg1 {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(10,18,40,0.82) 0%, rgba(10,18,40,0.65) 100%),
    url('../assets/img/bg2.png') center / cover no-repeat;
}
.rtc-bg2 {
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(10,18,40,0.82) 0%, rgba(10,18,40,0.65) 100%),
    url('../assets/img/llps.png') center / cover no-repeat;
}
.research-topic-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  text-decoration: none;
}
.rtc-body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 8px;
  flex: 1;
  margin-top: 44px;
}
.rtc-num {
  position: absolute;
  top: 32px;
  left: 36px;
  font-size: 2rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--teal);
  opacity: .7;
  line-height: 1;
}
.rtc-title {
  font-size: 1.3rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #e2e8f0;
  line-height: 1.4;
}
.rtc-title-ko {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  font-weight: 500;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.8);
  font-family: 'Noto Sans KR', sans-serif;
}
.rtc-sub {
  font-size: .95rem;
  color: rgba(255,255,255,.6);
  font-weight: 400;
}
.rtc-arrow {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  color: var(--teal);
  flex-shrink: 0;
  align-self: flex-end;
  transition: transform .2s;
}
.research-topic-card:hover .rtc-arrow {
  transform: translateX(5px);
}
@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .research-topic-cards { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

/* === Research Page — Area Layout === */
.research-overview {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  text-align: center;
}
.research-overview p {
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  color: var(--slate);
  line-height: 1.8;
}
.research-overview-ko {
  margin-top: 14px;
  font-size: 0.93rem !important;
  color: var(--muted) !important;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
  padding-top: 14px;
}
.research-overview-ko + .research-overview-ko {
  border-top: none;
  padding-top: 0;
  margin-top: 14px;
}

.research-area-header {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 20px;
  margin-bottom: 32px;
}
.research-area-num {
  font-size: 2.8rem;
  font-weight: 800;
  color: var(--teal);
  line-height: 1;
  opacity: .6;
  flex-shrink: 0;
}
.research-area-header h2 {
  font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.5vw, 1.7rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--navy);
}

.research-area-body {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 260px;
  gap: 48px;
  align-items: start;
}

.research-area-text p {
  font-size: .93rem;
  color: var(--slate);
  line-height: 1.8;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.research-area-text strong { color: var(--dark); }

.research-topics {
  list-style: none;
  margin-top: 16px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 7px;
}
.research-topics li {
  font-size: .86rem;
  color: var(--slate);
  padding-left: 0;
}
.research-topics li::before {
  content: none;
}

.research-area-pubs {
  background: var(--white);
  border: 1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
  padding: 22px 20px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.section-alt .research-area-pubs { background: var(--bg); }

.research-header {
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(10,18,40,0.72) 0%, rgba(30,27,75,0.65) 100%),
    url('../assets/img/LD.jpg') center center / cover no-repeat;
  padding: 56px 0 48px;
}
.contact-header {
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(10,18,40,0.72) 0%, rgba(30,27,75,0.65) 100%),
    url('../assets/img/school_bg.jpg') center center / cover no-repeat;
  padding: 56px 0 48px;
}
.research-area-pubs h4 {
  font-size: .72rem;
  letter-spacing: .1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.research-area-pubs ul { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 10px; }
.research-area-pubs li { font-size: .82rem; }
.research-area-pubs a { color: var(--navy); line-height: 1.5; }
.research-area-pubs a:hover { color: var(--teal); }

@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .research-area-body { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .research-area-pubs { order: -1; }
}

.about-research-link {
  margin-top: 36px;
  padding-top: 32px;
  border-top: 1px solid #2e2e2e;
  text-align: right;
}
.btn-research-link {
  display: inline-block;
  font-size: .88rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  color: var(--teal);
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  transition: gap .2s, color .2s;
}
.btn-research-link:hover {
  color: #7ee8e4;
  text-decoration: none;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
}

.name-ko {
  font-size: 1em;
  font-weight: inherit;
  color: inherit;
}

.about-lang-divider {
  border: none;
  border-top: 1px solid #2e2e2e;
  margin: 20px 0;
}

/* === Site Footer === */
.site-footer {
  background: #fff;
  padding: 20px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.footer-inner {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 16px;
}
.footer-logo {
  height: 44px;
  width: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.footer-text { text-align: right; }
.site-footer p {
  font-size: .78rem;
  color: var(--navy);
  line-height: 1.7;
}

/* === About — Affiliates (white footer strip) === */
.about-affiliates {
  background: #fff;
  padding: 52px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border);
}
.affiliates-label {
  text-align: center;
  font-size: .72rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--muted);
  margin-bottom: 32px;
}
.affiliates-logos {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 64px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.affiliate-logo {
  height: 48px;
  width: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  opacity: .85;
  transition: opacity .2s;
}
.affiliate-logo[alt*="NRF"] {
  height: 80px;
}
.affiliate-logo:hover { opacity: 1; }

/* === About Page — Dark Sections === */
.about-section { background: #0f0f0f !important; }
.about-section .about-text p { color: #cbd5e1; }
.about-section .about-text strong { color: #fff; }
.about-section .section-header h2 { color: #fff; }
.about-section .section-tag { background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); color: #93c5fd; }
.about-section .funding-item {
  background: #1c1c1c;
  border-color: #2e2e2e;
}
.about-section .funding-info strong { color: #fff; }
.about-section .funding-info p { color: #94a3b8; }
.about-section .funding-agency {
  color: #93c5fd;
  background: rgba(59,130,246,.15);
}

/* ============================================
   GLOBAL MOBILE RESPONSIVE
   ============================================ */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .section { padding: 56px 0; }
  .section-header { margin-bottom: 36px; }

  .pub-item { flex-direction: column; }
  .pub-fig {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    max-height: 240px;
    border-right: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  }
  .pub-year, .pub-num {
    width: auto;
    border-right: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
  }

  .research-area-body { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .nav-inner { gap: 16px; }

  .about-intro-quote {
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    padding-left: 16px;
  }
  .page-header-sub { font-size: 1.7rem; }
  .about-header-text { align-items: flex-start; }

  .research-topic-card { padding: 28px 24px; min-height: auto; }
  .rtc-body { margin-top: 40px; }
  .rtc-num { top: 24px; left: 24px; }

  .contact-location-inner { flex-direction: column; }
  .map-embed { width: 100%; }
  .contact-row { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 20px; }

  .footer-inner { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 14px; }
  .footer-text { text-align: left; }

  .pi-people-top { padding: 24px; }
  .pi-section { padding: 20px 24px; }
  .pi-cv-summary { padding: 14px 24px; }

  .vision-card { padding: 28px 24px; }
  .research-area-num { font-size: 2rem; }

  .hiring-list li { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }

  .affiliates-logos { gap: 36px; }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
  .container { padding: 0 18px; }
  .nav-inner { height: 60px; }
  .nav-logo-img { height: 50px; }
  .pi-photo-people { width: 221px; height: 273px; }
  .pi-photo { width: 120px; height: 150px; }
  .vision-num { font-size: 3.5rem; }
  .about-intro-quote { font-size: 1.2rem; }
}